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The Maserati A6-GCS/53 Berlinetta by Pininfarina

After WW2, Maserati introduced a new race car based on the prewar 6CM model, named A6 after Alfieri, one of the Maserati brothers, and its Straight-6 engine layout. In 1947 a 2-seater version with a 2-Liter engine was developed called GCS which stands for Ghisa (the Italian for cast iron, referring to its cylinder block), Corsa & Sport. Later a new version of the GCS was developed to take part in the 1st FIA World Sportscar Championship series going to start in 1953, which was bodied as a Spyder designed by Fantuzzi and Fiandri and coded with its birth date: A6-GCS/53.

The 1953 Mille Miglia was disturbed with heavy rain, so a hardtop coachwork wouldn’t be a bad idea. Pininfarina was asked for a Berlinetta body but there was a problem: Pininfarina had just signed a contract with Ferrari and was assigned as the main coachbuilder of the company, which forbade them to have any official contract with other companies. So Guglielmo Dei, a Maserati dealer in Rome acquired 6 chassis and sent 4 of them to Pininfarina as a private commissioner. The beautiful Berlinetta coachwork was designed by Aldo Brovarone and the 1st example was completed in late 1953.

Chassis 2056

The 1st Maserati A6 GCS Berlinetta, on chassis no.2056, was crashed in 1954 during the Giro di Sicilia race by Count Paolo Gravina di Catania and the co-driver was killed. It was sent back to Maserati to be repaired but got abandoned until 1991 when it was sent to Carrozzeria Campana to be restored, and was sold afterwards to Umberto Panini in 1996.

Chassis 2057

The 2nd Maserati A6 GCS, no.2057, was displayed at the 1954 Turin Motor Show which also won the Concorso Internazionale di Eleganza title in Rome. It featured a 2-piece windshield, a light blue low roof and a dark blue body color. Because of the less interest in hardtop race cars, excessive noise & heat inside and in order to reduce the weight, the car was later rebodied as a Fantuzzi Spyder for the Scuderia Centro-Sud team and the chassis renumbered to 2086. Its original body was purchased by Corrado Cupellini, then by Franco Lombardi and mounted on another no.2070 chassis which was originally a spyder.

Chassis: 2057 - 1954 Turin Auto Show

Chassis 2059

The 3rd Maserati A6 GCS with chassis no.2059, finished in red with white stripes and displayed at the 1954 Paris Motor Show was purchased by Count Alberto Magi Dilligenti and repainted white. Later it was painted in red, delivered to the U.S, sold to Stan Nowak and later to David Sydorick who displayed it at Pebble Beach in its original and restored condition in 1999 & 2000 respectively. This example is known as the most original Berlinetta.

Chassis: 2059 - Photo courtesy of Classic-Car.TV

Chassis 2060

The last one, no.2060 painted red with a blue stripe, was purchased by the Centro-Sud team. The original body was changed with a Spyder and mounted on another chassis no.2089. Later in 1970, the car was purchased by Count Hubertus von Doenhoff who wanted its berlinetta body back. Unable to retrieve the original body, or the one initially belonging to no.2057, he had a new replica built by Church Green Engineering of England in a silver paint job. It was displayed at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed and won the Best of Show title in the Cartier Style et Luxe.

Tecnical specifications

Maserati A6 GCS had a naturally aspirated dry-sump straight-6 engine with DOHC 2Valves/Cyl layout, a bore/stroke of 76.5/72mm, a compression ratio of 8.75/1 and a total displacement of 1986cc. Using double Marelli ignition and being fed by 3 Weber 40DC03 Carburetors, it could produce 170hp of power at 7300rpm and 194Nm of torque at 5600rpm. The power was transmitted through a 4-Speed gearbox to the rear wheels which could propel the car to a top speed of about 235km/h. The car featured a race ladder type chassis with a wheelbase of 2310mm built by Gilco, a tubular frame and an amazingly lightweight construction, since the race CGS/53 weighed 740kg and the berlinetta around 100kg more. Its suspension was Double Wishbones with coil spring in the front, and rigid axle with radius arms and coil springs in the rear. It also used Drum brakes on all 4 wheels.

Rebuilts

Chassis 2070
Chassis 2070 Originally fitted with a Fantuzzi Spyder body, this A6GCS/53 was acquired new by Anna Maria Peduzzi. No contemporary competition history of this chassis is known. It was eventually acquired by Franco Lombardi, who at that time also owned the original Pininfarina Berlinetta body from chassis 2057. It was this body that Count Hubertus von Doenhoff tried to acquire for many years for his chassis 2060. In 1997, Lombardi commissioned Giardanego from Italy to rebuild chassis 2070 with the striking low-roof Pininfarina body from 2057. Finished in the original two-tone blue livery, it was shown at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed where it won Best of Show in the Cartier Style & Luxe concours d’elegance.

Chassis 2089
Chassis 2089 Acquired new by Francesco Giardini in 1955, this A6GCS/53 was fitted with a ‘standard’ barchetta body like most of its sister cars. He raced the car with considerable success, winning his class at the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio in 1955. He eventually crashed the car and decided to rebuilt the car with the Pinin Farina Berlinetta body from chassis 2060, which he had acquired from Scuderia Centro Sud. Following a brief spell in the United States, it was shown for many years in the fabulous Rosso Bianco Museum near Frankfurt. The current owner acquired the Pinin Farina Berlinetta around the turn of the century and brought it to the 2005 Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance where Pininfarina’s 75th anniversary was celebrated.

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Carlo Pinin
Carlo Pinin
3 years ago

una delle vetture più belle di sempre. Brovarone ha disegnato forse i modelli più simbolici di Pininfarina. RIP

Stefano
Stefano
3 years ago

Opera d’arte!

The BMW M1 holds a unique place in automotive history. As the first production car from BMW’s Motorsport division, the M1 was intended to showcase the company’s engineering prowess and racing pedigree. However, despite its striking looks, impressive performance, and significant impact on the BMW brand, the M1’s journey was fraught with challenges, including financial turmoil, production delays, and regulatory hurdles. Today, the M division has evolved into a symbol of high-performance street cars, but the M1’s legacy remains one of both triumph and failure.

The Birth of BMW Motorsport

In 1972, BMW established its Motorsport Division, known as “M,” with the goal of advancing the brand’s competitive edge in the world of motorsports. Prior to this, BMW’s racing efforts were fragmented, with various teams involved in different categories but lacking a unified structure. This all changed when Bob Lutz, BMW’s head of sales and marketing, spearheaded the formation of BMW Motorsport. The division’s primary mission was to build competitive race cars and elevate the brand’s reputation, particularly in touring car racing.

BMW’s first major success in the motorsport arena came in 1973 with the BMW 3.0 CSL, which dominated the European Touring Car Championship. This victory cemented BMW’s position in the racing world. However, as the division grew, it became apparent that creating race cars from existing production models was unsustainable in the long run. The company needed a purpose-built race car, one that would push the boundaries of performance. This vision led to the creation of the BMW M1, a car that would become a defining symbol for BMW Motorsport.

Michelotti and the BMW Turbo Concept

Alongside the creation of the M division, BMW was developing the BMW Turbo, a concept car that would become a landmark in automotive design and technology. Designed by Paul Bracq, the Turbo E25 introduced bold new features, such as a mid-mounted engine, gullwing doors, and retractable headlights, marking a radical departure from BMW’s previous designs. The car represented a vision of the future, combining performance with cutting-edge safety features, and was intended as a technology showcase for the brand.

Initially, BMW contracted Carrozzeria Michelotti, to assemble the Turbo prototype. Giovanni Michelotti, famous for his work with a variety of automotive brands, established a 10,000-square-meter workshop dedicated to the Turbo project. Michelotti built two BMW Turbo prototypes in total, with one being showcased at the 1972 Frankfurt Motor Show. This partnership underscored BMW’s ambition for the car and its desire to create something truly revolutionary.

However, the timing of the project was unfortunate. The 1973 oil crisis caused a global economic downturn, dramatically increasing fuel prices and severely affecting the automotive industry, particularly for performance cars like the BMW Turbo. The crisis placed enormous financial strain on car manufacturers, and BMW was forced to reconsider its plans, including the costly decision to move forward with the Turbo prototype.

The Fallout and the Shift to Italdesign

As the crisis deepened, BMW was unable to fulfill its contract with Michelotti, and the planned collaboration was put on hold. Financial constraints led the company to reevaluate its spending, and resources allocated to the Turbo project were reduced. Michelotti’s specially built workshop, which had been prepared to assemble the car, remained underutilized as BMW shifted its focus.

However, the end of the oil crisis opened up new possibilities. Italdesign, the renowned design and engineering firm led by Giorgetto Giugiaro, came to BMW’s aid. In the years following the crisis, Italdesign purchased Michelotti’s workshop, which would become the production base for the BMW M1. Giugiaro’s expertise in design and engineering played a pivotal role in transforming BMW’s ambitious race car project into a road-going reality.

Giugiaro’s task was to refine the BMW Turbo E25 concept into a production car that could both meet the demands of motorsport and appeal to the consumer market. His design for the M1 retained the sharp, angular lines and futuristic profile of the Turbo, but with refined proportions to suit both racing needs and road-going practicality. The M1’s mid-engine layout, wide stance, and low roofline emphasized its racing pedigree, while its aggressive, sleek design ensured it would stand out as a supercar.

A Race Car for the Road

The BMW M1 was originally conceived as a Group 5 race car, competing against purpose-built machines like the Porsche 935. The project aimed to blend motorsport engineering with production cars, creating a race-bred vehicle that could also be sold to the public. To achieve this, BMW enlisted Lamborghini, to help with the development of the M1. Despite Lamborghini’s expertise in high-performance road cars, it lacked experience in motorsport, which ultimately led to complications during the project.

In the early stages, Lamborghini was tasked with developing the chassis and body of the M1, while BMW would provide the engine. However, Lamborghini’s financial troubles soon became apparent. The company was experiencing significant cash flow issues, and it ultimately misappropriated funds intended for the M1 project. In a dramatic turn of events, BMW was forced to reclaim the project’s components and tooling from Lamborghini, a move that involved a late-night raid to retrieve the M1’s parts. This disruption delayed the project and ultimately led BMW to take full control of the M1’s development.

The Engineering Challenges

Despite the setbacks, the M1 took shape as a highly capable performance car. The vehicle was powered by the M88 engine, a 3.5-liter, straight-six unit that produced 277 horsepower in its road-going form. This engine, derived from the racing program, provided the M1 with impressive performance, allowing it to rival other supercars of the era, such as the Lamborghini Countach and Ferrari 512 BB.

The M1 featured a mid-engine layout, which contributed to its excellent handling characteristics. The car’s design was primarily focused on its racing capabilities, making it relatively raw and unrefined for a road car. It lacked amenities such as power steering, and the cockpit was cramped, with the steering wheel offset to the right to accommodate the center-mounted engine. Despite these compromises, the M1’s performance on the road was outstanding, with acceleration and handling that earned it widespread praise from automotive journalists.

The Racing Struggles and ProCar Series

One of the most significant challenges the M1 faced was its inability to compete in mainstream racing. To homologate the M1 for Group 5 racing, BMW needed to produce 400 road cars. However, production delays meant that only 200 units were built in the first two years, preventing the car from racing in most major events.

In response, BMW created the ProCar Series, a one-make racing championship exclusively for the M1. The ProCar Series was unique in that it featured Formula One drivers competing against privateer M1 owners, creating an exciting spectacle at Formula One race weekends. Although the series generated interest and the M1 proved competitive in this setting, it was not enough to elevate the car into mainstream motorsport. Furthermore, the M1’s performance in ProCar did little to resolve its commercial issues.

Commercial Challenges and Production Woes

The M1 was also a commercial disappointment. Originally, BMW had intended to sell the M1 for around 100,000 Deutsche Marks, placing it in direct competition with supercars like the Lamborghini Countach. However, due to the disruptions caused by Lamborghini’s financial troubles and the increased cost of production, the M1’s price climbed to 113,000 Deutsche Marks. Even with this increase, the car was difficult to sell. BMW was only able to produce 399 M1s, well below the original goal of 1,000 units, making it a rare and expensive model.

Despite its high performance and exotic status, the M1 was a hard sell. Its design was too closely aligned with its racing origins, and its lack of creature comforts and high price point made it less appealing to the typical supercar buyer. Additionally, the car’s raw nature, with its lack of power steering and awkward driving position, alienated many potential customers. In the end, the M1’s commercial failure contributed to its relatively low production numbers and limited legacy as a production car.

Legacy and the Evolution of the M Division

Although the M1 was a commercial and racing disappointment, it laid the foundation for the success of BMW’s Motorsport division. The lessons learned from the M1 project helped shape future BMW M cars, starting with the iconic E30 M3. The E30 M3, developed as a more practical and accessible performance car, became a massive success in both motorsport and sales, marking the beginning of a new era for BMW M.

The M1 also solidified the link between BMW’s racing heritage and its high-performance street cars. Today, the M badge is synonymous with powerful, driver-focused vehicles, but it all traces back to the M1. The M1’s legacy is less about its financial success and more about its role in shaping the identity of BMW M as a division dedicated to performance engineering and motorsport excellence.

Conclusion

The BMW M1’s story is one of ambition, innovation, and hard lessons learned. It was a car ahead of its time, a race car designed for the road, and a symbol of BMW’s commitment to motorsport. While it never reached the commercial success BMW had hoped for, it played a crucial role in the development of the M division and set the stage for future performance cars. The M1 may not have been the financial success BMW wanted, but its influence on the brand and its impact on the automotive world cannot be overstated. Today, the M1 remains a revered classic, a testament to BMW’s racing heritage and the trials and triumphs of the M division.