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Body Styles29 December 2024 by Andreas 2414 Viewed

The ‘Linea Tesa’ design by Carrozzeria Boneschi

The origin

During the transition into the 1960s, Carrozzeria Boneschi, in a creative partnership with designer Rodolfo Bonetto, initiated a significant stylistic movement dubbed “Linea Tesa.” This innovative design ethos, as its name suggests, was characterized by its distinct emphasis on sharply defined lines and meticulously crafted cuts, standing in stark contrast to the prevailing design norms of its time. While Carrozzeria Boneschi’s boldness didn’t immediately translate into widespread success, it foreshadowed the stylistic shifts of the subsequent decades, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s.

Rodolfo Bonetto

Rodolfo Bonetto, a high school student, abandoned his career as a jazz drummer to devote himself to design. This passion for him was manifested thanks to his paternal uncle Felice Bonetto, a famous racing driver of the early fifties, who introduced him to the motor world, and so the young Bonetto, began to draw sketches of cars.

Embarking on his career as a self-taught designer, Bonetto first delved into the world of design consultancy at Pininfarina, where he refined his skills from 1951 to 1957. It wasn’t until 1958 that he took the leap into independent design entrepreneurship, establishing his own studio in Milan. However, it was with Carrozzeria Boneschi that Bonetto truly found his creative stride, notably pioneering the design trend known as “Linea Tesa.” This collaboration proved fertile ground for Bonetto’s innovative vision, giving rise to a plethora of iconic models that epitomized this distinctive aesthetic. Additionally, Bonetto’s flair for Linea Tesa design extended beyond his work with Carrozzeria Boneschi, with notable collaborations also taking place with Carrozzeria Viotti, further cementing his influence in shaping the design landscape of his era.

During his long career as a designer he created projects in the most diverse fields of industrial mass production: household appliances, car bodies, sanitary ware, machine tools, electronic devices, musical instruments, televisions, suitcases, hi-fi systems, furniture and appliances for lighting.

Bonetto taught industrial design at the Hochschule für Gestaltung in Ulm from 1961 to 1965, and at the ISIA in Rome from 1974 to 1979. He held the positions of president of ADI from 1971 to 1973, and of ICSID from 1981 to 1983, associations of which he was a member of.

Rodolfo Bonetto designed about 1000 products including the interiors of the Fiat 131 Supermirafiori, Tipo, Croma, Y10, Punto.

He was awarded 8 Compassi d’Oro, the last of which shortly after his death in 1991, as a tribute to his thirty-year career. Since then, his design studio has been directed by his only son, Marco Bonetto, who further expands the design activity also in the automotive sector.

1958 Innocenti Goggomobil Weekend

A concept for a compact “Giardinetta” based on the Goggomobil chassis, featuring subtle overseas-inspired “fins” accents in its rear view. This model, a collaborative effort between Carrozzeria Boneschi and designer Bonetto, marked the inception of the iconic “Linea Tesa” style.

1960 Fiat 1500 Spider

The partnership with designer Bonetto persisted with the creation of a unique vehicle based on the Fiat 1500. Unveiled in 1960, Bonetto crafted a spider featuring unconventional lines, characterized by a prominent full-grille front housing “floating” headlights.

1960 Fiat 2100 Coupé

Following the Fiat 1500 project, Carrozzeria Boneschi unveiled a berlinetta model built on the Fiat 2100 chassis. Continuing the design language established in the Spider variant, this one-off creation showcased similar features such as the distinctive suspended headlights and pronounced front line.

1961 Lancia Flaminia Amalfi

Arguably the quintessential embodiment of the “Linea Tesa” style, the Lancia Flaminia Amalfi emerged as a standout creation. Built on chassis 824.04, originally intended for the Touring coachbuilder, this remarkable vehicle featured a striking cream color paint adorned with a complementary red lower band, echoing the hues of its meticulously crafted interior.

1961 Alfa Romeo 2000 Sprint Coupé

The Linea Tesa aesthetic extended its influence to an Alfa Romeo chassis as well. Revealed at the prestigious 1961 Turin Motor Show, this unique creation, built on a 2000 Sprint chassis, boasted an array of visually captivating chrome elements, further accentuating its allure.

1961 O.S.C.A. 1600 GT Swift

Carrozzeria Boneschi has tried its hand with the Linea Tesa style also on sports Coupe, in this  case based on the O.S.C.A. chassis. Although less evident, the stylistic elements are still present, especially in the front. A 2nd version with different headlight was also made.

1962 Maserati 3500 GT Tight

The “Linea Tesa” style made its mark on a Maserati chassis, debuting at the 1962 Turin Motor Show and subsequently showcased again the following year at the Geneva Motor Show, albeit with minor adjustments. Despite its presence on such a prestigious platform, the reception from both the public and the press was lukewarm, largely due to its departure from the prevailing design trends with its square lines.

1963 Ford Fairlane

The proposal of the Linea Tesa style on an American chassis of the Ford Fairlane. Here, the typically squared lines were less pronounced, indicating the evolution of designer Bonetto’s aesthetic and the Linea Tesa style itself. This adaptation reflected a shift towards a more refined and harmonious design language, showcasing Bonetto’s versatility and adaptability across different automotive platforms.

1963 Alfa Romeo 2600 Cabriolet Studionove

Alfa Romeo 2600 Cabriolet Studionove

Dubbed Studio 9, the ninth project within the Linea Tesa style, this unique creation, built on an Alfa Romeo 2600 platform, diverged from the classic Alfa scudetto shield emblem. In a departure from previous models, the sharp cuts that were characteristic of the Linea Tesa aesthetic were softened, resulting in a more streamlined and refined appearance. This evolution reflected a nuanced approach to design, showcasing a departure from the earlier angular lines towards a smoother and more sophisticated aesthetic sensibility.

1964 Fiat 850 Spider Daino

The Fiat 850 Spider Daino, named after the fallow deer, which serves as the mascot in Boneschi’s logo, made its debut as a one-off exhibit at the 1964 Turin Motor Show. Built upon the compact Fiat 850 chassis, this unique vehicle was more than just a concept; it was a proposal for a potential small-scale production run. Continuing the Linea Tesa design philosophy, the Fiat 850 Spider Daino maintained the sleek and slender side profile characteristic of the aesthetic, further solidifying its place within the lineage of Linea Tesa-inspired creations.

1964 Fiat 2300 S Spider

The initial rendition of the Linea Tesa concept on a Fiat 2300 S platform emerged from the skilled hands of Carrozzeria Boneschi. This Spider iteration boasted a distinctive jutting-out tail, a hallmark feature observed in previous Linea Tesa models. Additionally, it sported double twin headlights and a sleek side profile, further emphasizing the cohesive and avant-garde design language synonymous with the Linea Tesa aesthetic.

1964 Fiat 2300 S Coupé Gazzella

Fiat 2300 S Coupé Gazzella

The second Linea Tesa proposal, based on the Fiat 2300 S platform, took the form of a Coupe carrying the esteemed name “Gazzella,” a nod to a “historic” model from Carrozzeria Boneschi’s illustrious lineage. This one-off creation continued the Linea Tesa tradition with its sleek and dynamic design, showcasing a fusion of timeless elegance and innovative flair.

1964 Ford Prototype

Carrozzeria Boneschi brought the “Linea Tesa” experiment to a close with this prototype on a Ford chassis, bearing a resemblance to the 1960s prototypes crafted by Carrozzeria Ghia for Renault. This final endeavor marked the culmination of the Linea Tesa journey, encapsulating the spirit of innovation and design exploration that defined this distinctive aesthetic movement.

Carrozzeria Boneschi concluded the “Linea Tesa” experiment with this prototype on a Ford chassis that vaguely recalls the 60s prototypes developed by Carrozzeria Ghia for Renault.

1961 Fiat 1500 by Viotti

The Fiat 1500 Coupé Viotti, contrary to all Linea Tesa cars, was crafted by Carrozzeria Viotti instead of Boneschi. This unique specimen, born from Rodolfo Bonetto’s “linea tesa” concept, exhibits timeless design with sharp lines and clean cuts. Crafted in Turin, it made its debut at prestigious auto shows in the early 1960s, captivating enthusiasts with its avant-garde aesthetic. Despite the mystery surrounding its production numbers, its exclusivity adds to its allure. The Coupé underwent refinements between appearances, enhancing its striking look. As a symbol of automotive elegance and innovation, it underscores Bonetto’s pioneering legacy in design.

the author

Andreas

Italian classic car enthusiast with German roots. Renowned as a respected figure in the classic car community, he serves as a jury member at various international concours d'elegance, including the Classic Gala Schwetzingen and Mantova. As a content creator, Andreas passionately shares his profound knowledge and appreciation for vintage automobiles. His heart beats for cars designed by Giovanni Michelotti, showcasing his discerning taste and dedication to preserving the timeless elegance of automotive history.

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Prince Skyline Sport Allemano

The end of World War II left Japan in a difficult position, having to transition its industries from military production to civilian use. This challenge was particularly tough since Japan, like Germany and Italy, was a defeated nation. However, Japan’s ability to adapt would set the stage for one of the most exciting collaborations in automotive history.

Among the companies responsible for this transformation were Tachikawa and Nakajima, two of Japan’s leading aviation companies. Tasked with shifting to civilian production, Tachikawa (later known as Tokyo Electric Cars) began building electric cars in 1947. Their first model, the Tama, was followed by a slightly larger Junior, and eventually, the Senior.

In the early 1950s, Japan’s evolving automotive landscape saw a shift from electric-powered cars to gasoline engines. By the end of 1951, the Tama Senior was fitted with a 1.5-liter petrol engine, a shift that led to the creation of the Prince Sedan in 1952. This was the beginning of Prince Motor Company, which was named in honor of the official investiture of Crown Prince Akihito.

In 1954, Fuji Precision Machinery (formerly Nakajima) acquired Prince Motor Company and embarked on producing automobiles under the Prince brand. This marked the beginning of a new chapter in Japan’s automotive history.

The Birth of the Skyline and the Search for European Inspiration

By the late 1950s, Prince Motor Company had gained recognition in Japan for its innovative vehicles, such as the Prince Sedan and the Skyline (introduced in 1957). However, the company sought to take their vehicles to a new level—focusing on luxury, performance, and innovation. To do so, they looked westward, to Europe, for inspiration.

Europe was home to some of the most prestigious automotive brands, and Fuji Precision Machinery executives wanted a vehicle that could rival the best of Europe. This aspiration led them to Italy, where they arranged a pivotal meeting at the Salone dell’Automobile (Turin Motor Show) with Carrozzeria Allemano, a respected coachbuilder with ties to Italian designer Giovanni Michelotti.

The collaboration between Japan and Italy led to the creation of the Prince Skyline Sport, a car that would redefine the trajectory of Japan’s automotive design. This groundbreaking partnership merged Japanese engineering with Italian artistry, setting a new standard for style and innovation. The success of this collaboration inspired other Japanese manufacturers to partner with Italy’s legendary design houses, creating some of the most iconic vehicles of the 1960s.

Mazda, for example, worked with Bertone, enlisting the renowned Giorgetto Giugiaro to design the Familia, a compact car that skillfully blended European elegance with Japanese practicality. In 1963, Daihatsu teamed up with Vignale to produce the Compagno, along with its sporty variants: the Sport Spider and Coupé; which reflected a uniquely Italian flair. The following year, Pininfarina collaborated with Datsun to craft a sleek new look for the Bluebird, a move that helped the car gain global recognition. By 1965, Isuzu joined forces with Ghia to design the Bellett II, a concept car that showcased bold and forward-thinking design elements.

These partnerships went beyond aesthetics; they helped establish a global identity for Japanese automakers. By working with Italy’s most respected design houses, Japanese manufacturers gained fresh perspectives on styling while enhancing their reputation for innovation and quality. These collaborations not only transformed the appearance of Japanese cars but also elevated their appeal to international markets, leaving a lasting impact on the industry.

A Handcrafted Masterpiece

Under the direction of Giovanni Michelotti, one of Italy’s most respected automotive designers, the Skyline Sport would be an example of high-end craftsmanship. Initially, the first series of prototypes were built by Carrozzeria Allemano, known for its hand-built bodies. Later, a second series of production would be completed by Carrozzeria Michelotti, adding the final touch to this luxury vehicle.

The Skyline Sport was designed as a two-door coupe with sleek, flowing lines and a sporty yet elegant appearance. Michelotti’s design incorporated canted headlights, angled downward at the inside corners—a feature seen in other high-end vehicles like the Lincoln Continental and Buick during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

At the heart of the Skyline Sport was a 1.9-liter GB-4 engine that generated 94 horsepower, giving it a top speed of 150 km/h. Despite weighing in at 1,350 kg, the car’s handling was remarkably smooth, thanks to a double-wishbone front suspension and a De Dion rear axle, technologies that were innovative for its time.

The Prince Skyline Sport: A Bold Statement

The Skyline Sport debuted at the 1960 Turin Motor Show, where it garnered international attention for its bold design and luxury features. Available in both a coupe and a convertible version, it was a striking example of Italian design combined with Japanese engineering. Its clean lines, striking front grille, and eye-catching details made it a standout at the show.

But its beauty was more than skin deep. The Skyline Sport was a car that delivered in terms of both aesthetics and performance. With its meticulously crafted body, luxurious interior, and advanced suspension, the car offered an exceptional driving experience that rivaled the finest European vehicles of the era.

The Prince Skyline Sport made its official appearance in Japan at the 1962 Tokyo Motor Show, where it was met with great enthusiasm due to its elegant lines and striking design. With its sleek coupe and convertible versions, the car showcased a perfect blend of Italian craftsmanship and Japanese engineering, captivating the crowd with its sophisticated aesthetic. However, the Skyline Sport came with a hefty price tag of 1.85 million yen, more than twice the cost of a standard sedan. This steep price limited its appeal in Japan’s domestic market, making it a rare and exclusive collector’s item. Despite its high price, the car gained significant exposure through its prominent feature in Toho films, strategically marketed to heighten its status as a luxury icon.

A Historic Collaboration and Legacy

The Prince Skyline Sport is historically significant as the first collaboration between an Italian designer and a Japanese automaker, setting a precedent for future cross-cultural partnerships in the automotive world. It was a testament to the universal appeal of Italian design and the skill of Michelotti and Carrozzeria Allemano. The Skyline Sport bridged cultural and geographical boundaries, bringing together the best of both worlds to create a truly exceptional car.

Though the Skyline Sport never achieved high sales numbers, with only 60 to 200 units produced, its impact on the automotive industry cannot be overstated. It paved the way for later models like the Skyline GT-R and helped establish the Prince Laurel, another model that would become iconic in Japan.

The Skyline Sport also marked the beginning of Prince Motor Company’s shift toward luxury vehicles. This emphasis on quality and refinement would continue after Nissan’s acquisition of Prince Motors in 1966, with the Skyline Sport serving as a precursor to future generations of luxury cars from Japan.

The Prince Skyline Sport was more than just a car—it was a statement of innovation, craftsmanship, and the power of international collaboration. The partnership between Giovanni Michelotti, Carrozzeria Allemano, and Prince Motor Company created a vehicle that showcased the best of both Italian design and Japanese engineering.

Though limited in production and availability, the Skyline Sport remains an important part of automotive history. It stands as a symbol of the potential for global partnerships to create groundbreaking designs, and its legacy continues to inspire the automotive world today.

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