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Pininfarina. The Shape of the Future 90 years of style and innovation on show at the MAUTO in Turin

From 20 May to 12 September 2021

The MAUTO – Museo Nazionale dell’Automobile di Torino today inaugurates the exhibition “La Forma del Futuro” (The Shape of the Future), an extraordinary exhibition that, with the contribution of 16 exceptional cars, narrates Pininfarina’s innate ability to envisage the future and give it form by staying ahead of the times and setting trends. A selection of research prototypes, dream cars and exclusive cars testifying to the genius expressed by the world’s most famous Italian design house over three generations and more than 90 years of history, with an approach to design that, by combining style and function, has left its signature on the evolution of the motor car.

Pininfarina has always designed with an eye to a better future, including where cars are concerned. Its concepts have shown the world intriguing formal and technical solutions that respect the environment and resources while still being driven by design. In some cases, these fanciful four-wheeled creations were born to seduce manufacturers and public at international motor shows, but they also contain solutions designed for future mobility. In others, the research was driven by or was a response to environmental issues and energy crises. In these cases the insistence was on aerodynamic forms and alternative technologies and materials to make vehicles lighter and less polluting. Models that explore and impact new aesthetic and technological trends, some evolutionary, others extreme, but always outside the aesthetic canons of their epoch. And also models whose modernity and unique forms have made them museum icons or limited editions.

From this unparalleled journey of innovation spanning almost a century comes “The Shape of the Future”, an exhibition that will remain open to the public until 12 September 2021. The exhibition will include an audio guide to be enjoyed independently and in complete safety: visitors will be accompanied by the voice of Chairman Paolo Pininfarina. To access his video narratives, all you have to do is scan the QR codes located along the exhibition route with your cell phone.

Today, for the inauguration, two more jewels testifying to a history of innovation-driven design always in the name of the most authentic Pininfarina style will be on display: the first is the 1965 Dino Berlinetta Speciale, a one-off item just restored in the Pininfarina studio in Cambiano for a private collector as part of the restoration and certification of authenticity programme reserved for owners of models designed and built by Pininfarina. Next to the Dino, a styling preview of the driving simulator designed and built by Pininfarina for The Classic Car Trust, inspired by the forms of the legendary Cisitalia 202, created to offer gentleman drivers, through new technologies, the thrill of driving the most prestigious classic cars.

“On an anniversary of such importance for our company, which we are celebrating at the Mauto a year late because of the health emergency”, explains Chairman Paolo Pininfarina, “we look back on our journey by focusing on masterpieces that, each in their own way, have represented a leap forward in car design. Design is able to constantly enrich people’s lives and provide the foundation on which to imagine a new future. This is our mission, and it will remain so for the next 90 years”.

The 16 models on display not only tell the story of a company that has grown under the banner of innovation and a brand that has spread Italian design around the world. They also tell the story of men who, with their intuition and ability to surround themselves with talent, have made a fundamental contribution to the progress of the motor car.

Starting with Founder Pinin Farina, a pioneer in the evolution of style and the study of aerodynamics, which he described as “the form of speed”: as early as 1936 he embraced the cause of modernity with the revolutionary Aprilia concept, and went on to sculpt memorable bodies like the Cisitalia 202 and countless models for prestigious brands such as Ferrari, Lancia, Alfa Romeo and Rolls-Royce. His aptitude for innovation was inherited by his son Sergio Pininfarina, who in 1972 at the height of the oil crisis took the decision to build Italy’s first Wind Tunnel, turning concepts like energy efficiency, emissions and eco-sustainability into household words. Concepts that he would later revisit with countless research prototypes such as the 1978 Ecos, the first electrically driven car, or the Compasso d’Oro-winning CNR. In the 2000s it was the family’s third generation that drove innovation. Andrea Pininfarina launched a series of research projects on the forms and technologies of the future, including the BlueCar electric city car and the spectacular Sintesi, with which Pininfarina became one of the very first players to explore the theme of connectivity and infotainment. Today’s Chairman, Paolo Pininfarina, took up the baton with projects that made environmental sustainability a hallmark, from the Nido EV and Cambiano electric concepts to the first hydrogen-powered H2 Speed track car, and the Battista electric hypercar, which would become a small series produced in Pininfarina’s Cambiano atelier.

The Mauto exhibition is not limited to celebrating the insights of the past, but aims to stimulate reflection on the cars of tomorrow. “The form of the future is always front and centre of our thinking”, comments CEO Silvio Angori. “In the next decade cars will no longer be the same as we have designed and built for 90 years. They will be connected, shared, electrified and autonomous. We are part of this revolution. The cross-fertilisation of all our skills, from automotive to architecture, from interior design to experience design, will determine the mobility of the Pininfarina-signed future“.

Benedetto Camerana, President of MAUTO, comments: “The exhibition for Pininfarina’s 90th anniversary renews MAUTO’s commitment to promoting scientific knowledge of automobile design. Celebrating the extraordinary history of the Turin brand, also exploring its future paths, for us means enhancing the great competence of our territory. Looking once again at the masterpieces present in the exhibition, and the others exhibited by us permanently, I see a continuous synthesis emerge that defines the idea of ​​a universal classicism: every car, every prototype, while responding to the needs of a historical moment and anticipating it. others in the making, it imposes itself on the eye for its timeless value, suspended between past and future. The exemplary case of this condition is the Cisitalia 202, a work of industrial art that since 1947 and from Turin continues to conquer the eyes of the world“.

The Exhibition Itinerary

The exhibition is organised in thematic areas. It begins with the ART section, which must perforce be dedicated to the Pininfarina icon par excellence, the Cisitalia 202. This masterpiece shows us how Carrozzeria Pinin Farina interpreted innovation in the first decades of its history, in a perfect blend of heritage and avant-garde. The Cisitalia takes on the role of symbolic watershed in the history of car design: its style, in fact, foreshadows the lines and design that would distinguish the Sixties as a whole. With the Cisitalia, innovation became art: it was instantly defined as ‘sculpture in movement’ and was the first car in the world to be exhibited in a Museum of Modern Art, the MoMA in New York.

The STYLE area introduces the research that would dictate styling decisions of the years to come. A constant in Pininfarina’s history, always pursuing the number one objective, namely the creation of cars expressing beauty and typically Italian good taste. An approach that finds incredible confirmation in the partnership with Ferrari, this year celebrating its 70th anniversary. There are countless models that, at the time of their debut, featured solutions that we would find a few years later in successful production cars. Examples of this are to be found in the three Ferraris on display.

The P6, described by Paolo Pininfarina as ‘the mother of all berlinettas’, was destined to remain just a styling study, but its lines – its sharp, elongated nose and rectangular Carello lights – are a preview of the stylistic language that characterised the Ferrari range in the 1970s. And the 1971 Berlinetta Boxer is a case in point, even though at first glance it might look completely different. Presented as a styling prototype at the 1971 Turin Motor Show, the BB marked Enzo Ferrari’s conversion to the mid-engine solution. This prototype was the starting point for the series production of the 365 GT4 in 1973, albeit with the necessary modifications dictated by experimentation and industrial requirements. Completing the Ferrari triptych is the Sergio concept car, created in 2013 as a tribute to Sergio Pininfarina and then translated, two years later, into a small series of six units. A radical and essential performance-oriented object, where the windscreen is replaced by a “virtual windscreen” designed in the Wind Tunnel with the function of diverting the flow of air above the driver’s head.

This is followed in the RESEARCH area by a line-up of models showcasing formal and aerodynamic research, studies on safety and interior architecture, experiments with new recyclable and ecocompatible materials, and the application of environmentally friendly propulsion systems. During the energy crisis of the 1970s, for example, the car industry focused on aerodynamics and alternative energy sources to reduce petrol consumption. Pininfarina responded by developing the CNR Energetica 1 prototype, an ideal aerodynamic body form. The 1990s witnessed a deeper awareness of environmental problems, more research into recyclable materials and ergonomics, and a more efficient concept of vehicle packaging. Pininfarina offered new solutions with the Ethos macro-project, a family of three eco-compatible vehicles of different configurations (spider, coupé, city car) with an aluminium chassis, bodywork in recyclable resin, innovative two-stroke engine with reduced emissions, culminating in 1995 with the Ethos 3EV, a zero-emission car. At the end of the Nineties, Pininfarina turned its attention to research into hybrid vehicles with projects like the Metrocubo which, with its modular cabin and pared down dimensions, also offered a response to problems of city and medium-range traffic. In 2004, the company returned to a theme already anticipated with prototypes such as the Sigma and Alfa Romeo P33: safety. With the Nido project, Pininfarina once again addressed the theme of the city car with a concept conceived as a protective nest around the two passengers. Its design was universally acclaimed and was awarded the Compasso d’Oro.

Leaving the RESEARCH area we enter the second part of the exhibition where each exhibit is a matchless spectacle. We begin with the TECHNOLOGY area, where we find two research objects applied to the world of racing cars. On the one hand, we have the Sigma Grand Prix from 1969, a project for a Formula 1 single-seater that brings together original safety concepts and solutions aimed at drastically reducing the risk aspect intrinsic to the sport. On the other hand, the H2 Speed, the first track car to use innovative hydrogen-powered fuel cell technology: the result is a zero-emission powerhouse that does over 300km/h, voted Concept Car of the Year 2016.

Before the grand finale, the exhibition presents the MITO area, a look at those masterpieces whose timeless styling has lodged them in the collective imagination as synonyms of the beautiful Italian car, often thanks also to Hollywood: among them, the Duetto driven by Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate, here evoked in some of its details, as well as in its name, by the 2uettottanta concept car. The spider of the future according to Pininfarina debuted in Geneva in 2010 on the occasion of the Company’s 80th anniversary. A concept representing an innovative vision, projected into the third millennium, of a theme that is firmly present in Pininfarina’s roots, the 2-seater spider.

Closing the circle is the FUTURE area, where we see how Pininfarina views the world to come. In the meantime there are two concepts which, in their different ways, reflect Pininfarina’s vision of the car of tomorrow. The Sintesi explores the future of the car in terms of architecture, technology and connectivity. A zero emission vehicle powered by a fuel cell drive train with four electric motors on the wheels. Its content won it the Red Dot Design Award in 2008. The Cambiano, on the other hand, sets new standards of eco-sustainability in the high-performance luxury car segment, boasting as its strong point an electric powertrain that means zero emissions in the urban cycle.

It is no coincidence that it won the ADI Design Index 2013 Innovation Award. Environmental sustainability can also be found in the interior, partly made with recycled wood from the “briccole”, the oak poles used to mark navigation routes in the Venice lagoon. Finally, the Battista, the electric hypercar concept presented at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show by Automobili Pininfarina, the new sustainable luxury car brand controlled by Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. An emblem of Pininfarina’s mastery in the design and crafting of exclusive cars, the Battista will feature world-class performance, cutting-edge technological innovations and, of course, uniquely elegant styling. Designed and co-developed by Automobili Pininfarina and Pininfarina SpA, the Battista will be produced in 150 individually handmade units at the Pininfarina atelier in Cambiano. Bearing the name of the Founder, the Battista represents an extraordinary marriage between the past and the future of Pininfarina’s automotive commitment.

This section is enriched by scale models of the Mythos, Modulo, Lancia Aprilia aerodinamica and Fiat Abarth 750 prototypes.

Apart from the “The Shape of the Future” exhibition, the MAUTO has other Pininfarina masterpieces on permanent display:

  • Fiat tipo Zero 1912 – Mechanical ferment
  • Cisitalia 202 1948 – Italian revolution
  • Ferrari 365 GT4 2+2 1973 – Good bye Lenin
  • Ferrari 308 Gtb 1980 – Morphing – Design
  • Alfa Romeo Duetto 1600 Junior 1972 – Morphin – Design
  • Ferrari Mondial 1984 – Open Garage
  • Lancia Aurelia B 20 1958 – Open Garage
  • Fiat 130 coupé 1971 – Open Garage
  • Cadillac Allanté 1992 – Open Garage
  • Lancia Flaminia presidenziale 1961 – Ground floor (Quirinale collection, Rome)
  • Lancia D24 1953 – Formula
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Coachbuilder
Coachbuilder
3 years ago

Bellissima esposizione, la consiglio a tutti. Forse avrei desiderato qualche modello d’epoca in più.

The BMW M1 holds a unique place in automotive history. As the first production car from BMW’s Motorsport division, the M1 was intended to showcase the company’s engineering prowess and racing pedigree. However, despite its striking looks, impressive performance, and significant impact on the BMW brand, the M1’s journey was fraught with challenges, including financial turmoil, production delays, and regulatory hurdles. Today, the M division has evolved into a symbol of high-performance street cars, but the M1’s legacy remains one of both triumph and failure.

The Birth of BMW Motorsport

In 1972, BMW established its Motorsport Division, known as “M,” with the goal of advancing the brand’s competitive edge in the world of motorsports. Prior to this, BMW’s racing efforts were fragmented, with various teams involved in different categories but lacking a unified structure. This all changed when Bob Lutz, BMW’s head of sales and marketing, spearheaded the formation of BMW Motorsport. The division’s primary mission was to build competitive race cars and elevate the brand’s reputation, particularly in touring car racing.

BMW’s first major success in the motorsport arena came in 1973 with the BMW 3.0 CSL, which dominated the European Touring Car Championship. This victory cemented BMW’s position in the racing world. However, as the division grew, it became apparent that creating race cars from existing production models was unsustainable in the long run. The company needed a purpose-built race car, one that would push the boundaries of performance. This vision led to the creation of the BMW M1, a car that would become a defining symbol for BMW Motorsport.

Michelotti and the BMW Turbo Concept

Alongside the creation of the M division, BMW was developing the BMW Turbo, a concept car that would become a landmark in automotive design and technology. Designed by Paul Bracq, the Turbo E25 introduced bold new features, such as a mid-mounted engine, gullwing doors, and retractable headlights, marking a radical departure from BMW’s previous designs. The car represented a vision of the future, combining performance with cutting-edge safety features, and was intended as a technology showcase for the brand.

Initially, BMW contracted Carrozzeria Michelotti, to assemble the Turbo prototype. Giovanni Michelotti, famous for his work with a variety of automotive brands, established a 10,000-square-meter workshop dedicated to the Turbo project. Michelotti built two BMW Turbo prototypes in total, with one being showcased at the 1972 Frankfurt Motor Show. This partnership underscored BMW’s ambition for the car and its desire to create something truly revolutionary.

However, the timing of the project was unfortunate. The 1973 oil crisis caused a global economic downturn, dramatically increasing fuel prices and severely affecting the automotive industry, particularly for performance cars like the BMW Turbo. The crisis placed enormous financial strain on car manufacturers, and BMW was forced to reconsider its plans, including the costly decision to move forward with the Turbo prototype.

The Fallout and the Shift to Italdesign

As the crisis deepened, BMW was unable to fulfill its contract with Michelotti, and the planned collaboration was put on hold. Financial constraints led the company to reevaluate its spending, and resources allocated to the Turbo project were reduced. Michelotti’s specially built workshop, which had been prepared to assemble the car, remained underutilized as BMW shifted its focus.

However, the end of the oil crisis opened up new possibilities. Italdesign, the renowned design and engineering firm led by Giorgetto Giugiaro, came to BMW’s aid. In the years following the crisis, Italdesign purchased Michelotti’s workshop, which would become the production base for the BMW M1. Giugiaro’s expertise in design and engineering played a pivotal role in transforming BMW’s ambitious race car project into a road-going reality.

Giugiaro’s task was to refine the BMW Turbo E25 concept into a production car that could both meet the demands of motorsport and appeal to the consumer market. His design for the M1 retained the sharp, angular lines and futuristic profile of the Turbo, but with refined proportions to suit both racing needs and road-going practicality. The M1’s mid-engine layout, wide stance, and low roofline emphasized its racing pedigree, while its aggressive, sleek design ensured it would stand out as a supercar.

A Race Car for the Road

The BMW M1 was originally conceived as a Group 5 race car, competing against purpose-built machines like the Porsche 935. The project aimed to blend motorsport engineering with production cars, creating a race-bred vehicle that could also be sold to the public. To achieve this, BMW enlisted Lamborghini, to help with the development of the M1. Despite Lamborghini’s expertise in high-performance road cars, it lacked experience in motorsport, which ultimately led to complications during the project.

In the early stages, Lamborghini was tasked with developing the chassis and body of the M1, while BMW would provide the engine. However, Lamborghini’s financial troubles soon became apparent. The company was experiencing significant cash flow issues, and it ultimately misappropriated funds intended for the M1 project. In a dramatic turn of events, BMW was forced to reclaim the project’s components and tooling from Lamborghini, a move that involved a late-night raid to retrieve the M1’s parts. This disruption delayed the project and ultimately led BMW to take full control of the M1’s development.

The Engineering Challenges

Despite the setbacks, the M1 took shape as a highly capable performance car. The vehicle was powered by the M88 engine, a 3.5-liter, straight-six unit that produced 277 horsepower in its road-going form. This engine, derived from the racing program, provided the M1 with impressive performance, allowing it to rival other supercars of the era, such as the Lamborghini Countach and Ferrari 512 BB.

The M1 featured a mid-engine layout, which contributed to its excellent handling characteristics. The car’s design was primarily focused on its racing capabilities, making it relatively raw and unrefined for a road car. It lacked amenities such as power steering, and the cockpit was cramped, with the steering wheel offset to the right to accommodate the center-mounted engine. Despite these compromises, the M1’s performance on the road was outstanding, with acceleration and handling that earned it widespread praise from automotive journalists.

The Racing Struggles and ProCar Series

One of the most significant challenges the M1 faced was its inability to compete in mainstream racing. To homologate the M1 for Group 5 racing, BMW needed to produce 400 road cars. However, production delays meant that only 200 units were built in the first two years, preventing the car from racing in most major events.

In response, BMW created the ProCar Series, a one-make racing championship exclusively for the M1. The ProCar Series was unique in that it featured Formula One drivers competing against privateer M1 owners, creating an exciting spectacle at Formula One race weekends. Although the series generated interest and the M1 proved competitive in this setting, it was not enough to elevate the car into mainstream motorsport. Furthermore, the M1’s performance in ProCar did little to resolve its commercial issues.

Commercial Challenges and Production Woes

The M1 was also a commercial disappointment. Originally, BMW had intended to sell the M1 for around 100,000 Deutsche Marks, placing it in direct competition with supercars like the Lamborghini Countach. However, due to the disruptions caused by Lamborghini’s financial troubles and the increased cost of production, the M1’s price climbed to 113,000 Deutsche Marks. Even with this increase, the car was difficult to sell. BMW was only able to produce 399 M1s, well below the original goal of 1,000 units, making it a rare and expensive model.

Despite its high performance and exotic status, the M1 was a hard sell. Its design was too closely aligned with its racing origins, and its lack of creature comforts and high price point made it less appealing to the typical supercar buyer. Additionally, the car’s raw nature, with its lack of power steering and awkward driving position, alienated many potential customers. In the end, the M1’s commercial failure contributed to its relatively low production numbers and limited legacy as a production car.

Legacy and the Evolution of the M Division

Although the M1 was a commercial and racing disappointment, it laid the foundation for the success of BMW’s Motorsport division. The lessons learned from the M1 project helped shape future BMW M cars, starting with the iconic E30 M3. The E30 M3, developed as a more practical and accessible performance car, became a massive success in both motorsport and sales, marking the beginning of a new era for BMW M.

The M1 also solidified the link between BMW’s racing heritage and its high-performance street cars. Today, the M badge is synonymous with powerful, driver-focused vehicles, but it all traces back to the M1. The M1’s legacy is less about its financial success and more about its role in shaping the identity of BMW M as a division dedicated to performance engineering and motorsport excellence.

Conclusion

The BMW M1’s story is one of ambition, innovation, and hard lessons learned. It was a car ahead of its time, a race car designed for the road, and a symbol of BMW’s commitment to motorsport. While it never reached the commercial success BMW had hoped for, it played a crucial role in the development of the M division and set the stage for future performance cars. The M1 may not have been the financial success BMW wanted, but its influence on the brand and its impact on the automotive world cannot be overstated. Today, the M1 remains a revered classic, a testament to BMW’s racing heritage and the trials and triumphs of the M division.