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The Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale based dream cars

The Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale, the street legal version of the Type 33, is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful cars of all time because of its timelss design which inspired many modern supercars such as the 8C Competizione and the 4C.

The 33 Stradale is still used today as an example to describe the perfect balance between refined mechanics and the styling, in a balance that can be summarized in a phrase dear to the brand: “La bellezza necessaria” (The necessary beauty).

The body, designed by Franco Scaglione and built by Carrozzeria Marazzi, was the first road car to feature “butterfly” doors . The chassis complete with engine and gearbox was built by Autodelta, the racing department of Alfa Romeo, alongside the Type 33 racing cars. If you want to know more about the the 33 Stradale, we have covered a special which can be read here.

18 chassis were built of which only 12 were actually finished and only 11 sold to customers while 5, were given to the best Italian coachbuilders which created a series of extraordinary concept cars. 

1968 Alfa Romeo Carabo

The Alfa Romeo Carabo built by Bertone was the first of the 6 dream cars based on the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale chassis. The name Carabo derives from the beetle Carabus auratus, of the Carabidae family, characterized by metallic and bright colors, and with its color (luminescent green with orange details and golden glass) and the vertical doors, recalls the elytra of this insect. It was exhibited at the Paris Motor Show in October 1968. We have already covered a special on the Carabo which can be read here.

1968 Alfa Romeo 33 Roadster GS

Designed by Paolo Martin and unveiled at the 1968 Turin Motor Show, the Alfa Romeo 33 Roadster G.S. is the progenitor of Cuneo, which “inherited the chassis in 1970, and was the first of the 3 dream cars built by Pininfarina based on the  Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale.

The white painted car was very low and combined soft lines with more sharper ones. The front featured a full-width black rubber bumper, two black horizontal canard fins on the front fenders and a strip of 6 aligned headlights placed on the hood which were later reused on the Cuneo. The main feature was a huge orange spoiler installed in the center of the car, directly above the engine which served also as roll-bar. It had a small windshield, vertically opening doors, and a truncated tail with double overlapping square taillights. The interior, with an unprecedented four-spoke steering wheel, was simple, all black except with orange seats matching the spoiler color.

1969 Alfa Romeo 33.2 Speciale

The Alfa Romeo 33.2 was exhibited at the Paris Motor Show in October 1969 and was Pininfarina’s attempt to propose again Leonardo Fioravanti’s project that gave life to the Ferrari P5 which was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show the previous year and then abandoned due to its unsuccess.

Compared to the P5, the 33.2 which, as mentioned, has the same body but adapted to the chassis of the 33 Stradale, features small differences mainly in the tail. Some construction details were designed for the a small production series, such as the retractable headlights and the front hood which can be opened in the cockpit. It was one of the last dream cars with curvilinear design before the boxy lines of the 1970s took hold. The Alfa Romeo 33.2 is now part of the Alfa Romeo Historical Museum collection in Arese (MI).

1969 Alfa Romeo Iguana

The Iguana was the first Alfa Romeo designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro for Italdesign, his newly founded independent design company. The name Iguana was chosen because of the similarity between the exotic animal and the appearance of the bodywork with numerous openings and iridescent finishing.

The car was unveiled at the 1969 Turin Motor Show and, although it did not have a productive outcome, it laid the aesthetic foundations of the Maserati Bora / Merak and, as regards the bodywork, of the more famous DeLorean DMC-12.

The body was made of fiberglass, except for the glass roof pillars which were made in brushed steel and therefore not painted. It is painted in metallic gray with the “metal-flake” technique, which consists in mixing large metallic flakes with the paint giving it a final sparkling and luminous effect. In general, the design was characterized by sharper lines than those of the 1960s, although still quite curved. The prototype is equipped with a sloping nose with a full-width air intake for ventilation of the radiator, divided in two by a pair of chrome “mustaches” with the Alfa Romeo “scudetto” in the center, similar to what will later appear on the Alfasud, designed two years later by Giugiaro himself. The front and rear bonnets integrate the mudguards and open by folding completely forward and backward, just like on the Lamborghini Miura and numerous racing cars of that period, to facilitate access to the mechanical parts.

The Italdesign Alfa Romeo 33 Iguana did not have a follow-up and, like the other dream cars based on the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale chassis proposed by the best Italian coachbuilders, it can be admired at the Alfa Romeo Historical Museum in Arese.

1971 Alfa Romeo Cuneo

The Alfa Romeo Cuneo, was unveiled at the 1971 Brussels Motor Show and was build on the chassis of the 33 Roadster G.S. which was dismantled,

The car, with very square lines, in conflict with the more rounded ones prevailing in the sixties, strongly impressed the public for the low wedge-shaped profile from which only the windshield and the arched roll-bar rise. The name derived from the shape of its lateral silhouette, an almost perfect wedge (cuneo).

As for the other Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale Dream Cars, the Cuneo was not produced in a small series and is today kept at the Alfa Romeo Historical Museum in Arese.

1976 Alfa Romeo Navajo

The Alfa Romeo Navajo, unveiled by Bertone at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1976, was the last dream car built on the basis of the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale and owes its name to the Navajo tribe of Native Americans.

The chassis of the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale was lengthened in the center up to 2430 mm in order to be able to mount a lightweight fiberglass body with a strongly “wedge-shaped” profile typical of the 1970s. The very tapered front is balanced by the massive tail surmounted by a huge trapezoidal rear wing that could vary its incidence according to speed.

The Navajo’s aerodynamics are also very accurate in the rest of the car since also the front spoiler, like the rear one, could have changed the incidence according to the speed, a characteristic taken up almost ten years later by Bertone itself on the Alfa 90. The retractable front lights had an almost unique configuration: in fact they did not rise from the bonnet but appeared laterally from the fenders. On the front hood there are gills for venting hot air from the radiator and a sticker with the stylized Alfa Romeo logo.

After having participated in the various shows, as for the other Alfa Romeo 33 dream cars, it became part of the collection of the Alfa Romeo Historical Museum.

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The BMW M1 holds a unique place in automotive history. As the first production car from BMW’s Motorsport division, the M1 was intended to showcase the company’s engineering prowess and racing pedigree. However, despite its striking looks, impressive performance, and significant impact on the BMW brand, the M1’s journey was fraught with challenges, including financial turmoil, production delays, and regulatory hurdles. Today, the M division has evolved into a symbol of high-performance street cars, but the M1’s legacy remains one of both triumph and failure.

The Birth of BMW Motorsport

In 1972, BMW established its Motorsport Division, known as “M,” with the goal of advancing the brand’s competitive edge in the world of motorsports. Prior to this, BMW’s racing efforts were fragmented, with various teams involved in different categories but lacking a unified structure. This all changed when Bob Lutz, BMW’s head of sales and marketing, spearheaded the formation of BMW Motorsport. The division’s primary mission was to build competitive race cars and elevate the brand’s reputation, particularly in touring car racing.

BMW’s first major success in the motorsport arena came in 1973 with the BMW 3.0 CSL, which dominated the European Touring Car Championship. This victory cemented BMW’s position in the racing world. However, as the division grew, it became apparent that creating race cars from existing production models was unsustainable in the long run. The company needed a purpose-built race car, one that would push the boundaries of performance. This vision led to the creation of the BMW M1, a car that would become a defining symbol for BMW Motorsport.

Michelotti and the BMW Turbo Concept

Alongside the creation of the M division, BMW was developing the BMW Turbo, a concept car that would become a landmark in automotive design and technology. Designed by Paul Bracq, the Turbo E25 introduced bold new features, such as a mid-mounted engine, gullwing doors, and retractable headlights, marking a radical departure from BMW’s previous designs. The car represented a vision of the future, combining performance with cutting-edge safety features, and was intended as a technology showcase for the brand.

Initially, BMW contracted Carrozzeria Michelotti, to assemble the Turbo prototype. Giovanni Michelotti, famous for his work with a variety of automotive brands, established a 10,000-square-meter workshop dedicated to the Turbo project. Michelotti built two BMW Turbo prototypes in total, with one being showcased at the 1972 Frankfurt Motor Show. This partnership underscored BMW’s ambition for the car and its desire to create something truly revolutionary.

However, the timing of the project was unfortunate. The 1973 oil crisis caused a global economic downturn, dramatically increasing fuel prices and severely affecting the automotive industry, particularly for performance cars like the BMW Turbo. The crisis placed enormous financial strain on car manufacturers, and BMW was forced to reconsider its plans, including the costly decision to move forward with the Turbo prototype.

The Fallout and the Shift to Italdesign

As the crisis deepened, BMW was unable to fulfill its contract with Michelotti, and the planned collaboration was put on hold. Financial constraints led the company to reevaluate its spending, and resources allocated to the Turbo project were reduced. Michelotti’s specially built workshop, which had been prepared to assemble the car, remained underutilized as BMW shifted its focus.

However, the end of the oil crisis opened up new possibilities. Italdesign, the renowned design and engineering firm led by Giorgetto Giugiaro, came to BMW’s aid. In the years following the crisis, Italdesign purchased Michelotti’s workshop, which would become the production base for the BMW M1. Giugiaro’s expertise in design and engineering played a pivotal role in transforming BMW’s ambitious race car project into a road-going reality.

Giugiaro’s task was to refine the BMW Turbo E25 concept into a production car that could both meet the demands of motorsport and appeal to the consumer market. His design for the M1 retained the sharp, angular lines and futuristic profile of the Turbo, but with refined proportions to suit both racing needs and road-going practicality. The M1’s mid-engine layout, wide stance, and low roofline emphasized its racing pedigree, while its aggressive, sleek design ensured it would stand out as a supercar.

A Race Car for the Road

The BMW M1 was originally conceived as a Group 5 race car, competing against purpose-built machines like the Porsche 935. The project aimed to blend motorsport engineering with production cars, creating a race-bred vehicle that could also be sold to the public. To achieve this, BMW enlisted Lamborghini, to help with the development of the M1. Despite Lamborghini’s expertise in high-performance road cars, it lacked experience in motorsport, which ultimately led to complications during the project.

In the early stages, Lamborghini was tasked with developing the chassis and body of the M1, while BMW would provide the engine. However, Lamborghini’s financial troubles soon became apparent. The company was experiencing significant cash flow issues, and it ultimately misappropriated funds intended for the M1 project. In a dramatic turn of events, BMW was forced to reclaim the project’s components and tooling from Lamborghini, a move that involved a late-night raid to retrieve the M1’s parts. This disruption delayed the project and ultimately led BMW to take full control of the M1’s development.

The Engineering Challenges

Despite the setbacks, the M1 took shape as a highly capable performance car. The vehicle was powered by the M88 engine, a 3.5-liter, straight-six unit that produced 277 horsepower in its road-going form. This engine, derived from the racing program, provided the M1 with impressive performance, allowing it to rival other supercars of the era, such as the Lamborghini Countach and Ferrari 512 BB.

The M1 featured a mid-engine layout, which contributed to its excellent handling characteristics. The car’s design was primarily focused on its racing capabilities, making it relatively raw and unrefined for a road car. It lacked amenities such as power steering, and the cockpit was cramped, with the steering wheel offset to the right to accommodate the center-mounted engine. Despite these compromises, the M1’s performance on the road was outstanding, with acceleration and handling that earned it widespread praise from automotive journalists.

The Racing Struggles and ProCar Series

One of the most significant challenges the M1 faced was its inability to compete in mainstream racing. To homologate the M1 for Group 5 racing, BMW needed to produce 400 road cars. However, production delays meant that only 200 units were built in the first two years, preventing the car from racing in most major events.

In response, BMW created the ProCar Series, a one-make racing championship exclusively for the M1. The ProCar Series was unique in that it featured Formula One drivers competing against privateer M1 owners, creating an exciting spectacle at Formula One race weekends. Although the series generated interest and the M1 proved competitive in this setting, it was not enough to elevate the car into mainstream motorsport. Furthermore, the M1’s performance in ProCar did little to resolve its commercial issues.

Commercial Challenges and Production Woes

The M1 was also a commercial disappointment. Originally, BMW had intended to sell the M1 for around 100,000 Deutsche Marks, placing it in direct competition with supercars like the Lamborghini Countach. However, due to the disruptions caused by Lamborghini’s financial troubles and the increased cost of production, the M1’s price climbed to 113,000 Deutsche Marks. Even with this increase, the car was difficult to sell. BMW was only able to produce 399 M1s, well below the original goal of 1,000 units, making it a rare and expensive model.

Despite its high performance and exotic status, the M1 was a hard sell. Its design was too closely aligned with its racing origins, and its lack of creature comforts and high price point made it less appealing to the typical supercar buyer. Additionally, the car’s raw nature, with its lack of power steering and awkward driving position, alienated many potential customers. In the end, the M1’s commercial failure contributed to its relatively low production numbers and limited legacy as a production car.

Legacy and the Evolution of the M Division

Although the M1 was a commercial and racing disappointment, it laid the foundation for the success of BMW’s Motorsport division. The lessons learned from the M1 project helped shape future BMW M cars, starting with the iconic E30 M3. The E30 M3, developed as a more practical and accessible performance car, became a massive success in both motorsport and sales, marking the beginning of a new era for BMW M.

The M1 also solidified the link between BMW’s racing heritage and its high-performance street cars. Today, the M badge is synonymous with powerful, driver-focused vehicles, but it all traces back to the M1. The M1’s legacy is less about its financial success and more about its role in shaping the identity of BMW M as a division dedicated to performance engineering and motorsport excellence.

Conclusion

The BMW M1’s story is one of ambition, innovation, and hard lessons learned. It was a car ahead of its time, a race car designed for the road, and a symbol of BMW’s commitment to motorsport. While it never reached the commercial success BMW had hoped for, it played a crucial role in the development of the M division and set the stage for future performance cars. The M1 may not have been the financial success BMW wanted, but its influence on the brand and its impact on the automotive world cannot be overstated. Today, the M1 remains a revered classic, a testament to BMW’s racing heritage and the trials and triumphs of the M division.