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Maserati 5000 GT

At the end of the 1957 sports season, the organizers of the World Sportscar Championship (FIA), also in the wake of the general consternation caused by the “Guidizzolo tragedy”, to increase safety in competitions limited the maximum displacement of the competing cars to 3,000 cm³.

The sudden elimination of the “Sport 5000 Class” put the Maserati racing department in great difficulty, which, in the previous months, had invested considerable resources to prepare and develop the powerful “450S” model, still in a phase of full evolution.

Following this provision, Adolfo Orsi decided to withdraw Maserati from official competitions, restricting the activity of the racing department to the construction and assistance of cars for the many private drivers supplied by the trident house. Many of these, by force of circumstances, were forced to cancel their orders for the “450S” model, stopping the production of type 54 engines, dozens of which were already finished or awaiting assembly. Some of these were re-weighted to bring the displacements to 5,700 and 6,400 cm³, in order to equip boats destined for motorboat racing competitions.

For the first 5000 GT, internally named with the design code “Type 103”, Eng. Alfieri calculated a dimensional increase on the chassis of the “3500 GT”, both in width and in length, in order to accommodate the bulky V8 and, at the same time, offer the basis for a spacious interior and an imposing appearance. The engine was “tamed” with minimal modifications that consisted of re-boring the cylinders to slightly increase the displacement and decrease the compression ratio, in order to obtain a smoother delivery at low revs at the cost of reducing power by 20%.

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The coupé-type bodywork, in aluminum, was built by Touring, as were the interiors, with luxurious materials. The painting was done in bright blue, with beige leather interiors and many details in pure gold. Curious is the rear light system, designed with two series of three circles, witch gradually reduced its circumferences towards the sides of the tail, whose external lights were operated by a separate command, to indicate the presence of the king on board.

As for the mechanics, the “5000 GT” boasted a V8 engine derived from the 450S with 2 overhead camshafts per bank, 4 Weber DCOE 45 carburetors, double Magneti Marelli ignition, double petrol pump with 4937 cm³ of displacement that developed 340 hp at 5500 rpm coupled to a 4-speed manual gearbox. Traction was obviously rear while the brakes were disc at the front and drum at the rear.

The opportunity for a new automotive use arose the following year, with the visit to the company of the Shah of Persia Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in search of a sports chassis to be completed with Touring Superleggera bodywork. Given the exclusivity and prestige of the customer, Orsi and Alfieri proposed to prepare a new chassis, derived from the “3500 GT” model and equipped with the racing engine of the “450S”, after having adapted it to the needs of road use. The proposal was immediately accepted by the ruler of Persia, a great fan of sports cars.

The first “5000 GT”, chassis no. AM-103-002, was delivered to the Shah towards the end of 1958 and immediately became famous all over the world, also due to the fact that the illustrious client was at that time in the spotlight of information, due to his divorce with Princess Soraya, who permanently occupied the front pages of the international press. The numerous requests for information about the car by the jet set convinced Orsi to plan a small series production.

About the number of cars built, the sources report numbers of speciments varying between 32 and 34. In reality, the most authoritative historians of the brand agree on the fact that the chassis produced were 32 in all, with chassis numbers ranging from AM-103- 002 and AM-103-066. However, 34 result because two of these were renumbered by Maserati following a complete rebuilding.

Touring Superleggera

103.002: The first Maserati 5000GT car in the Tipo 103 series was the Shah of Persia, delivered to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who had been impressed by the Maserati 3500 after a test drive but demanded a more exclusive car for himself.  He commissioned Maserati’s chief engineer Giulio Alfieri to fit a slightly modified 5-litre engine from the Maserati 450S in the 3500GT’s chassis.  Carrozzeria Touring developed the superleggera tubing and aluminum body of the two-seater coupé.

103.004: This speciment was first presented at the 1959 Turin Motor Show. After the exhibition, it was sold to the South African Basil Read, who was the owner of the Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit at the time.

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103.010: This is chassis was the third Touring built car. Originally bodyworked in 1961 by Frua, which was restamped and rebodied in 1965 with the n. 103.090 for the Saudi royal house.

Allemano

The first Allemano bodied 5000 GT, designed by Giovanni Michelotti, was displayed at the Turin Motor Show in 1961 and became known as the ‘Indianapolis’ in honour of Maserati’s victories at the ‘Indy 500’ in 1939 and 1940. This car is important as it was the basis for the ‘production’ 5000 GTs. The first Allemano 5000 GT was built in October 1961, one of four built that year. In the following year, the 5000 GT’s most productive, 12 cars were built, a further 4 cars in 1963 and another 2 cars in 1964.

Photo courtesy of RM Sotheby's

Pininfarina

103.008: Pininfarina, the most successful Italian coachbuilder, in the 1950s who was closely associated with Ferrari, did not manufacture its own version of the Maserati 5000GT. Nevertheless, a Pininfarina body was mounted on a 5000 GT chassis. The trigger was the Italian industrialist Giovanni “Gianni” Agnelli, long-time managing partner of the automobile manufacturer Fiat. Among other things, Agnelli privately drove a Ferrari 400 Superamerica, which was equipped with an individual body from Pininfarina. The structure, generally perceived as strict, had a front panoramic window, a high front section and a large radiator opening. In 1961 Agnelli had the Pininfarina body of his Ferrari built on to the chassis of the Maserati 5000 GT. The car drove without any branding in the following years.

Monterosa

103.006: Red painted, it was originally sold to F1 racing driver Perdisa in 1960. Now in the ownership of an american car collector.

103.012: Grey painted, sold to tennis player Filippo Montanari.

Photo courtesy of Sport Car Digest
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Michelotti

103.016: Race driver Biggs Cunningham requested that his 5000 GT resemble, as much as possible, the 450 S upon which its engineering had been based. As so often happens, in translation this became something different but equally wonderful. Michelotti’s design has a trace of 450 S in the rounded curves of its fenders, but was otherwise a fully and remarkably modern creation. With a glassy linear greenhouse, ventilation scoops with decorative chrome “strakes” tucked behind the front wheel arches, and a semi-tapered rear deck, it was reminiscent of a Ferrari 330 GTC. Hidden headlamps, flanking a relatively small oval grille opening, helped to preserve the car’s aerodynamics. The muscular, menacing side exhaust is subtly visible, peeking out behind the wheels. It may not resemble a road-going Le Mans car, but if performance was what Cunningham was after, and it usually was, then Maserati and Michelotti delivered. Reportedly this was the most aerodynamic 5000 GT built, thanks to its lines having been developed in the wind tunnel at Università degli Studi di Torino, and arguably it was the fastest, as well. Cunningham insisted on test-driving it prior to delivery at Monza, presumably ensuring that its speed was up to his standards. He then used it to commute between various European race tracks at which his team was competing.

Photo courtesy of Darin Schnabel for RM Sotheby's

Ghia

103.018: This 5000 GT, was completed in July 1961 for industrialist Ferdinando Innocenti and was the ninth example built. Most 5000 GTs were built with understated bodies by Allemano, but 018 was the only example coachbuilt by Ghia. Sergio Sartorelli, head of the style prototyping department at Ghia, created its stunning one-off design incorporating cutting-edge styling elements of the time, many of which were later seen on other Ghia designs. Ghia displayed 018 on their stand at the 1961 Turin Auto Show, finished in its original color combination of silver over black. Innocenti later sold the car, and after being owned by a few people in Italy, it found its way to Saudi Arabia, where it was long thought to have been lost. Sold For $533,000 by RM Sotheby’s in 2019, the car was not in its best shape, looking forward to be restored.

Photo courtest of RM Sotheby's

Bertone

104.004: Unveiled at the 1961 Turin Auto Show,  designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro, it is considered the most beautiful of all 5000GT. Now part of a private collection based in the Netherlands.

Frua

103.060: Built for prince Aga Khan, it was ordered by him through french Maserati importer Ets. It won the 2nd price in its class at the Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance.

103.048 (renumbered 103.064): Prince Majid-Ben-Saud of Saudi Arabia has brought the car to Egypt for his Father, the exiled King. He imported it as “diplomatic baggage” to avoid the usual custom procedures.

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103.100: Delivered in 1966 to Auto König, Munich and sold to German architect Engelhardt, which is said, that he was working for Aga Khan.

Photo courtesy of Tim Scott for RM Sotheby's

Touring Superleggera Sciàdipersia

In 2018 at the Geneva Motor Show, Touring Superleggera unveiled the Sciàdipersia which recalls the 5000 GT, a limited series based on the Maserati Granturismo.

Sources:

  • Maurizio Tabucchi, Nel segno del Tridente, Giorgio Nada Editore, 2003
  • Elvio Deganello: Maserati 5000 GT, Ruoteclassiche, n. 53, 1992.
  • Furio Oldaniː Ferrari 400 Superamerica e Maserati 5000 GT, Ruoteclassiche, n. 108, 1997.
  • Alfredo Albertini, Maserati 5000 GT, Ruoteclassiche, n. 305, 2014
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PP90
PP90
3 years ago

The the Ghia and Bertone versions are the best looking ones

The BMW M1 holds a unique place in automotive history. As the first production car from BMW’s Motorsport division, the M1 was intended to showcase the company’s engineering prowess and racing pedigree. However, despite its striking looks, impressive performance, and significant impact on the BMW brand, the M1’s journey was fraught with challenges, including financial turmoil, production delays, and regulatory hurdles. Today, the M division has evolved into a symbol of high-performance street cars, but the M1’s legacy remains one of both triumph and failure.

The Birth of BMW Motorsport

In 1972, BMW established its Motorsport Division, known as “M,” with the goal of advancing the brand’s competitive edge in the world of motorsports. Prior to this, BMW’s racing efforts were fragmented, with various teams involved in different categories but lacking a unified structure. This all changed when Bob Lutz, BMW’s head of sales and marketing, spearheaded the formation of BMW Motorsport. The division’s primary mission was to build competitive race cars and elevate the brand’s reputation, particularly in touring car racing.

BMW’s first major success in the motorsport arena came in 1973 with the BMW 3.0 CSL, which dominated the European Touring Car Championship. This victory cemented BMW’s position in the racing world. However, as the division grew, it became apparent that creating race cars from existing production models was unsustainable in the long run. The company needed a purpose-built race car, one that would push the boundaries of performance. This vision led to the creation of the BMW M1, a car that would become a defining symbol for BMW Motorsport.

Michelotti and the BMW Turbo Concept

Alongside the creation of the M division, BMW was developing the BMW Turbo, a concept car that would become a landmark in automotive design and technology. Designed by Paul Bracq, the Turbo E25 introduced bold new features, such as a mid-mounted engine, gullwing doors, and retractable headlights, marking a radical departure from BMW’s previous designs. The car represented a vision of the future, combining performance with cutting-edge safety features, and was intended as a technology showcase for the brand.

Initially, BMW contracted Carrozzeria Michelotti, to assemble the Turbo prototype. Giovanni Michelotti, famous for his work with a variety of automotive brands, established a 10,000-square-meter workshop dedicated to the Turbo project. Michelotti built two BMW Turbo prototypes in total, with one being showcased at the 1972 Frankfurt Motor Show. This partnership underscored BMW’s ambition for the car and its desire to create something truly revolutionary.

However, the timing of the project was unfortunate. The 1973 oil crisis caused a global economic downturn, dramatically increasing fuel prices and severely affecting the automotive industry, particularly for performance cars like the BMW Turbo. The crisis placed enormous financial strain on car manufacturers, and BMW was forced to reconsider its plans, including the costly decision to move forward with the Turbo prototype.

The Fallout and the Shift to Italdesign

As the crisis deepened, BMW was unable to fulfill its contract with Michelotti, and the planned collaboration was put on hold. Financial constraints led the company to reevaluate its spending, and resources allocated to the Turbo project were reduced. Michelotti’s specially built workshop, which had been prepared to assemble the car, remained underutilized as BMW shifted its focus.

However, the end of the oil crisis opened up new possibilities. Italdesign, the renowned design and engineering firm led by Giorgetto Giugiaro, came to BMW’s aid. In the years following the crisis, Italdesign purchased Michelotti’s workshop, which would become the production base for the BMW M1. Giugiaro’s expertise in design and engineering played a pivotal role in transforming BMW’s ambitious race car project into a road-going reality.

Giugiaro’s task was to refine the BMW Turbo E25 concept into a production car that could both meet the demands of motorsport and appeal to the consumer market. His design for the M1 retained the sharp, angular lines and futuristic profile of the Turbo, but with refined proportions to suit both racing needs and road-going practicality. The M1’s mid-engine layout, wide stance, and low roofline emphasized its racing pedigree, while its aggressive, sleek design ensured it would stand out as a supercar.

A Race Car for the Road

The BMW M1 was originally conceived as a Group 5 race car, competing against purpose-built machines like the Porsche 935. The project aimed to blend motorsport engineering with production cars, creating a race-bred vehicle that could also be sold to the public. To achieve this, BMW enlisted Lamborghini, to help with the development of the M1. Despite Lamborghini’s expertise in high-performance road cars, it lacked experience in motorsport, which ultimately led to complications during the project.

In the early stages, Lamborghini was tasked with developing the chassis and body of the M1, while BMW would provide the engine. However, Lamborghini’s financial troubles soon became apparent. The company was experiencing significant cash flow issues, and it ultimately misappropriated funds intended for the M1 project. In a dramatic turn of events, BMW was forced to reclaim the project’s components and tooling from Lamborghini, a move that involved a late-night raid to retrieve the M1’s parts. This disruption delayed the project and ultimately led BMW to take full control of the M1’s development.

The Engineering Challenges

Despite the setbacks, the M1 took shape as a highly capable performance car. The vehicle was powered by the M88 engine, a 3.5-liter, straight-six unit that produced 277 horsepower in its road-going form. This engine, derived from the racing program, provided the M1 with impressive performance, allowing it to rival other supercars of the era, such as the Lamborghini Countach and Ferrari 512 BB.

The M1 featured a mid-engine layout, which contributed to its excellent handling characteristics. The car’s design was primarily focused on its racing capabilities, making it relatively raw and unrefined for a road car. It lacked amenities such as power steering, and the cockpit was cramped, with the steering wheel offset to the right to accommodate the center-mounted engine. Despite these compromises, the M1’s performance on the road was outstanding, with acceleration and handling that earned it widespread praise from automotive journalists.

The Racing Struggles and ProCar Series

One of the most significant challenges the M1 faced was its inability to compete in mainstream racing. To homologate the M1 for Group 5 racing, BMW needed to produce 400 road cars. However, production delays meant that only 200 units were built in the first two years, preventing the car from racing in most major events.

In response, BMW created the ProCar Series, a one-make racing championship exclusively for the M1. The ProCar Series was unique in that it featured Formula One drivers competing against privateer M1 owners, creating an exciting spectacle at Formula One race weekends. Although the series generated interest and the M1 proved competitive in this setting, it was not enough to elevate the car into mainstream motorsport. Furthermore, the M1’s performance in ProCar did little to resolve its commercial issues.

Commercial Challenges and Production Woes

The M1 was also a commercial disappointment. Originally, BMW had intended to sell the M1 for around 100,000 Deutsche Marks, placing it in direct competition with supercars like the Lamborghini Countach. However, due to the disruptions caused by Lamborghini’s financial troubles and the increased cost of production, the M1’s price climbed to 113,000 Deutsche Marks. Even with this increase, the car was difficult to sell. BMW was only able to produce 399 M1s, well below the original goal of 1,000 units, making it a rare and expensive model.

Despite its high performance and exotic status, the M1 was a hard sell. Its design was too closely aligned with its racing origins, and its lack of creature comforts and high price point made it less appealing to the typical supercar buyer. Additionally, the car’s raw nature, with its lack of power steering and awkward driving position, alienated many potential customers. In the end, the M1’s commercial failure contributed to its relatively low production numbers and limited legacy as a production car.

Legacy and the Evolution of the M Division

Although the M1 was a commercial and racing disappointment, it laid the foundation for the success of BMW’s Motorsport division. The lessons learned from the M1 project helped shape future BMW M cars, starting with the iconic E30 M3. The E30 M3, developed as a more practical and accessible performance car, became a massive success in both motorsport and sales, marking the beginning of a new era for BMW M.

The M1 also solidified the link between BMW’s racing heritage and its high-performance street cars. Today, the M badge is synonymous with powerful, driver-focused vehicles, but it all traces back to the M1. The M1’s legacy is less about its financial success and more about its role in shaping the identity of BMW M as a division dedicated to performance engineering and motorsport excellence.

Conclusion

The BMW M1’s story is one of ambition, innovation, and hard lessons learned. It was a car ahead of its time, a race car designed for the road, and a symbol of BMW’s commitment to motorsport. While it never reached the commercial success BMW had hoped for, it played a crucial role in the development of the M division and set the stage for future performance cars. The M1 may not have been the financial success BMW wanted, but its influence on the brand and its impact on the automotive world cannot be overstated. Today, the M1 remains a revered classic, a testament to BMW’s racing heritage and the trials and triumphs of the M division.