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A Closer Look12 September 2024 by Encycaropedia 871 Viewed

The Alfa Romeo Carabo: The Time Machine

Alfa Romeo Carabo Bertone

The Alfa Romeo Carabo by Bertone stands as a beacon of innovation and a pioneering force in the automotive world, transcending its era to become a pivotal point in the history of car design. Born from the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Stradale chassis, this dream car marked the commencement of a series of six exceptional vehicles crafted by the premier Italian coachbuilders of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Roots in Racing Success

The inception of the Carabo can be traced back to the triumph of the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 racing sports car, designed by Carlo Chiti, which made its debut in 1966. Autodelta, Alfa Romeo’s subsidiary, engaged in various racing championships, including the 1967 World Sports Car Championship, with the Tipo 33. This racing success prompted the creation of the road version, the Tipo 33 Stradale, in 1967. However, its commercial success faced challenges due to its high price, technical complexity, and rounded body design.

Aesthetic Renaissance: Bertone's Commission

To rekindle interest in the Stradale, Alfa Romeo sought the expertise of Italian design studios, commissioning Bertone, Italdesign, and Pininfarina in 1968. Bertone, led by the visionary Marcello Gandini, emerged as the torchbearer of innovation by unveiling the Carabo at the Paris Motor Show in October 1968.

The Carabo: Design Revolution

The name “Carabo” draws inspiration from the beetle Carabus auratus, known for its vibrant metallic colors. True to its namesake, the Carabo’s luminescent green body with orange details and gold glass exuded a captivating aura.

Crafted in just 10 weeks, the Carabo’s fiberglass body introduced a groundbreaking wedge-shaped profile that revolutionized automotive aesthetics. This body designed by Marcello Gandini, laid the foundation for numerous iconic cars, including the Lancia Stratos Zero and the Lamborghini Countach.

Design Details: A Symphony of Innovation

The front end of the Carabo is a testament to Gandini’s design prowess, featuring a sharp metallic orange stripe, sleek pop-up headlights, and a distinctive Alfa Romeo logo crowned by a black plastic ring.

The side profile, divided into metallic green and black halves, showcases gold mirrored VHR windows and pioneering “scissor” doors – a feature that would later become a Lamborghini trademark.

The rear of the Carabo incorporates a fixed louver with black plastic slats, providing ventilation for the engine and adding an element of mystique to the vehicle.

Inside, the Carabo keeps its interior simple yet sporty, with two well-crafted sport seats, a dashboard housing the speedometer and tachometer, and a unique black two-spoke goblet steering wheel with a depressed hub.

Power and Performance

Under the hood, the Carabo concept initially housed the same 1,995-cfm dual-ignition 8-cylinder V-cylinder engine as the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale, delivering an impressive 230 hp. Later, for reasons unknown, the powerplant was replaced with a 2,593-cfm, 200-hp V8 from the Alfa Romeo Montreal, showcasing the adaptability of the platform.

Enduring Legacy: Beyond the Prototype

While the 1968 Carabo remained a one-off prototype, its influence extended far beyond its singular existence. Marcello Gandini and Bertone drew inspiration from this design marvel for other legendary cars, most notably the Lamborghini Countach, which replicated both the overall line and the iconic scissor doors.

Alfa Romeo Carabo Bertone

The Carabo’s impact is not limited to its immediate successors. Its wedge-shaped design became a template for mid-engined sports cars, influencing models like the Ferrari Dino 308 GT 4, Lotus Esprit, and Pontiac Fiero. The scissor doors, a pioneering feature of the Carabo, became a Lamborghini trademark, gracing models like the Countach, Diablo, Murciélago, and Aventador.

Various design elements from the Carabo found their way into other production vehicles, showcasing the far-reaching impact of this groundbreaking concept car. Louvre-like cladding reminiscent of the Carabo is visible in the Lamborghini Urraco and the DeLorean DMC-12. The hexagonal doors and pronounced wedge shape influenced the design of cars produced by the US sports car manufacturer Vector.

Alfa Romeo Carabo Bertone

Preservation and Restoration

In 1989, the Carabo underwent an extensive restoration, ensuring its preservation for future generations to admire in its original glory. The Museo storico Alfa Romeo in Arese proudly showcases this automotive gem, allowing visitors to appreciate the Carabo’s unique design and its enduring impact on the world of automobiles.

Cultural Impact: Inspiring Generations

The Alfa Romeo Carabo by Bertone, with its captivating design and trailblazing features, remains an icon that continues to captivate enthusiasts and inspire designers worldwide. Its cultural impact extends beyond automotive circles, influencing art, fashion, and design.

As contemporary designers continue to push the boundaries of innovation, the Carabo’s enduring legacy remains visible in the sleek lines, bold choices, and avant-garde features of modern supercars and concept vehicles. Its influence echoes in the fusion of performance and aesthetics that define the latest generation of sports cars.

The Alfa Romeo Carabo by Bertone stands as a timeless source of inspiration, offering a glimpse into the limitless possibilities of automotive design. As technology evolves, and design philosophies adapt, the Carabo’s legacy will undoubtedly continue to inspire the next generation of designers, ensuring its place in the pantheon of automotive excellence for years to come.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Alfa Romeo Carabo by Bertone is not merely a car; it is a work of art, a symbol of innovation, and a timeless testament to the power of visionary design. Its journey from a one-off prototype to a cultural icon is a reflection of the enduring impact that exceptional design can have on the world. As we celebrate the Carabo’s legacy, we honor the spirit of creativity and craftsmanship that continues to drive the automotive industry forward. The Carabo remains an immortalized chapter in the annals of automotive history, a testament to the artistic fusion of form and function that defines the true essence of a dream car.

the author

Encycaropedia

Blogger and car enthusiast. You can follow him on instagram under the name "Car Encyclopedia".

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Carlo Pinin
Carlo Pinin
3 years ago

Bertone è stato sicuramente il carrozziere innovativo e coraggioso di tutti! Va dato gran merito a Gandini ma soprattutto a Nuccio per avergli dato tutta la libertà!

0
Mark84
Mark84
3 years ago

This is the best automotive website ever! I am learning so many new things! I didn’t know all these exotic prototypes made in italy!

0
PP90
PP90
3 years ago

Bertone made the most spectacular prototypes ever!

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Robert_lov
Robert_lov
3 years ago
Reply to  PP90

totally agree, Bertone + Gandini was the perfect match

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Andreas
Admin
Andreas
3 years ago

Sopratutto i prototipi Bertone anni 60/70, uno spettacolo

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Sultan Brunei Car Collection

Everyone has heard stories about the Sultan of Brunei’s immense and almost mythical car collection, but few details have ever been confirmed. Shrouded in secrecy, this legendary fleet of rare and bespoke automobiles has fascinated enthusiasts for decades. Recently, a handful of insider photos emerged online, offering a glimpse into the hidden treasure trove.

What many don’t realize is that much of the collection’s extravagance can be traced back to the Sultan’s younger brother, Prince Jefri Bolkiah. With the Royal Family’s extraordinary fortune; largely built on Brunei’s vast oil and gas reserves; Prince Jefri spearheaded an era of unparalleled spending in the 1980s and 1990s. The Sultanate’s wealth was immense, with the Sultan’s net worth reportedly reaching $30 billion, enabling extravagant purchases on a scale that stunned the world.

At its peak, the Royal Family’s car collection was rumored to include around 7,000 vehicles, valued at over $5 billion. This included custom Ferraris, Bentleys, Rolls-Royces, and bespoke models from almost every luxury automaker, many of which were tailored to the exacting tastes of Prince Jefri. It’s estimated that the family’s spending on Rolls-Royces alone exceeded £480 million during the 1990s, making them the brand’s single most important clients.

Italian design house Pininfarina played a vital role in bringing many of the family’s automotive visions to life. From reengineering Ferraris like the 456 into custom sedans and wagons to crafting entirely unique vehicles, Pininfarina became deeply entwined with the Royal Family’s car projects. However, this dependence on the Sultan’s commissions came at a cost. When the family’s spending spree came to an end, Pininfarina faced severe economic difficulties, forcing it to sell parts of its private collection to survive.

In this article, we dive into some of the most iconic custom cars from the Sultan’s collection, focusing on the Italian masterpieces created by Pininfarina and other renowned coachbuilders. From bespoke Ferraris to completely reimagined Bentleys, these cars showcase an extraordinary chapter in automotive history—one driven by unparalleled wealth, obsession, and creativity.

Paolo Garella: The Architect Behind the Collection

Paolo Garella is an Italian engineer whose career spans over three decades, defined by his blend of technical expertise and creative innovation. His journey began at Goodyear’s Technical Center in Luxembourg, where he honed his skills in advanced testing and vehicle dynamics. His ability to solve complex problems and his leadership potential quickly became apparent, leading him to PTI-Albatech, where he worked on hybrid and electric vehicle projects.

In 1992, Garella joined Pininfarina, where he would become a key figure in the company’s development. He rose through the ranks, managing the Prototype Engineering and Manufacturing Department, and later founding Pininfarina Special Projects in 2002. Under his leadership, this division produced bespoke, one-off cars for clients with unique tastes, reinforcing Garella’s reputation as a master of tailored automotive solutions.

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

A defining chapter of his career was his work with the Sultan of Brunei’s legendary car collection. Garella’s ability to navigate the pressures of working with the royal family and his focus on creating personalized, exceptional vehicles earned him their trust and solidified his position as a leading figure in automotive design.

After leaving Pininfarina in 2009, Garella continued to contribute to the automotive world, founding Manifattura Automobili Torino in 2014. Throughout his career, he remained focused on craftsmanship, collaboration, and innovation, earning respect not only for his technical expertise but for his leadership and dedication to creating extraordinary cars.

Pininfarina and the Right-Hand Drive Conversions

Pininfarina’s collaboration with the Sultan of Brunei involved a unique challenge: converting left-hand drive performance cars, like the Ferrari 288 GTO and F40, to right-hand drive, as preferred by the Sultan. Led by Paolo Garella, Pininfarina’s engineers had to re-engineer the entire car, from repositioning the dashboard to adjusting the suspension, all while maintaining the cars’ performance.

In addition, Garella and his team upgraded the air-conditioning systems to handle Brunei’s tropical climate, ensuring comfort without compromising the cars’ high-performance standards. This project wasn’t just technical; it was an opportunity for Pininfarina to blend craftsmanship with engineering, creating bespoke vehicles tailored to the Sultan’s exact needs. Each car became a one-of-a-kind masterpiece, reflecting the Sultan’s vision of luxury.

The love for the 456 GT

The Ferrari 456 designed by Pietro Camardella became a key part of the Sultan of Brunei’s collection, with Pininfarina tasked to create unique versions, all known as “Venice” models. In total, around 42 bespoke Ferraris were built, including four-door sedans, five-door wagons, and two-door convertibles, all tailored to the Sultan’s preferences. Notably, Pininfarina adapted a night vision and a Porsche 928 automatic transmission to the 456, as the Sultan preferred automatic gearboxes.

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

Additionally, the cars received modifications to suit Brunei’s tropical climate, including enhanced air-conditioning and subtle design tweaks. These Venice versions weren’t just custom cars; they were a blend of luxury and innovation, each reflecting the Sultan’s distinctive vision.

The Ferrari 550 Bahar

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Ferrari 550 Bahar is a unique one-of-a-kind vehicle commissioned by the Sultan of Brunei for his son, Prince Bahar. Built by Pininfarina with Paolo Garella managing the project, it’s a bespoke version of the Ferrari 550 Barchetta, created before the official release of the model.

The most notable modification is the custom hardtop, transforming the open-top Barchetta into a coupe-like design for a more weather-resistant, luxurious experience. The car also features a front-mounted automatic gearbox from Mercedes-Benz, offering greater comfort compared to the traditional Ferrari manual transmission. The roof system was borrowed by the Mercedes-Benz R129 SL, but was widened for improved structure and elegance. Only three units were built, making the 550 Bahar an exclusive creation.

The Ferrari FX

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Ferrari FX is a unique, bespoke car created by Pininfarina for the Sultan of Brunei. Only few units were produced, featuring a flat-twelve engine from the Ferrari Testarossa and a 7-speed sequential manual transmission from Williams F1, allowing it to reach a top speed of 205 mph. Each car was custom-built to the Sultan’s specifications, blending luxury with performance. While five were delivered to Brunei, the fourth car was cancelled by the Sultan and later acquired by Dick Marconi. This car is now displayed at the Marconi Automotive Museum in California, making the Ferrari FX a rare and exceptional part of automotive history.

The Ferrari Mythos

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

Unveiled at the 1989 Tokyo Motor Show, the Mythos is a stunning concept car by Pininfarina, based on the Ferrari Testarossa. Designed by Pietro Camardella, it features a bold, wedge-shaped body with a 4.9-liter flat-12 engine producing 390 hp, paired with a 5-speed manual transmission. Though not intended for production, the Sultan of Brunei commissioned several specimens, one in red and another in turquoise, adding them to his legendary collection. The Mythos’ design would later inspire the Ferrari F50, and its story is further connected to the Ferrari F90, a proposal that became a limited production for Prince Jefri of Brunei.

The F90

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Ferrari F90 is a unique creation that emerged from Enrico Fumia’s rejected concept for the 1989 Tokyo Motor Show. Although the design wasn’t chosen for the show, it was revived in 1988 when Prince Jefri of Brunei requested a bespoke supercar. Fumia’s design was adapted and approved for the Prince, leading to the creation of the F90.

Unveiled in 2005, the F90 featured a Targa roof, sleek lines, and functional yet stylish elements like elliptical front motifs. It retained the Testarossa’s V12 engine but introduced innovative design features. The car was tested secretly and remained largely unknown until a 2002 photo revealed one in the Sultan’s garage. Ferrari officially recognized the F90 in 2005.

Today, the six Ferrari F90s remain part of the Sultan of Brunei’s private collection, with Fumia hoping one day to share his creation with the world.

The Bolide

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Ferrari F50 Bolide was an ambitious project by the Brunei Royal Family and Pininfarina in the late 1990s. The plan was to convert six F50s into right-hand-drive models and create six unique track-focused Bolide variants. While a full-scale model was made, featuring a wooden chassis and foam body, the project never reached production.

The Bolide was envisioned with a V10 engine derived from Ferrari’s F1 technology, offering a true performance experience. However, financial and logistical challenges led to its cancellation, leaving only the model as a legacy. The F50 Bolide remains a fascinating “what if” in automotive history.

The Love for Bentey

Bentley was one of the Sultan of Brunei’s favorite brands, and his collection of bespoke vehicles crafted in collaboration with Pininfarina is a testament to his love for luxury and exclusivity. These unique creations, most assembled by the Italian coachbuilder Coggiola, reflect the Sultan’s penchant for personalization and his desire to own the finest automobiles in the world.

Among the standout pieces is the Bentley Azur 2-Door Convertible, a one-of-a-kind vehicle based on the Bentley Turbo R. Finished in a striking black-on-black color scheme, it combines high performance with supreme elegance, featuring a 6.75-liter V8 engine and a rare four-wheel-drive system. The Azur 4-Door Convertible, also a custom creation, reimagined the original design into a four-door version, finished in an elegant blue with a matching interior, and similarly equipped with four-wheel drive to meet the Sultan’s specific preferences.

The Bentley B2 Coupé, originally introduced in 1994, underwent a significant interior retrofit inspired by the Bentley B3, a model the Sultan of Brunei favored for its more refined and successful cabin design. While only 13 units of the B2 were ever built, this bespoke grand tourer reflected the Sultan’s desire for exclusivity. The Bentley B3, another highly exclusive creation, was based on the Bentley Continental R and produced in an even more limited run of just 12 units. Renowned for its elegant design and luxurious interior, the B3 set a benchmark for the Sultan’s bespoke fleet, influencing the modifications made to the earlier B2 Coupé. Among the Sultan’s unique collection was also the Bentley Phoenix Cabriolet, a striking and rare model from the 1990s, with only five examples ever made. One of these was finished in the Sultan’s official shade of yellow, further enhancing its uniqueness. Additionally, the Bentley Spectre Convertible, introduced in 1995, showcased the pinnacle of personalized luxury, combining exclusive design with tailored craftsmanship to suit the Sultan’s precise tastes.

The Aston Martins

The Aston Martin AM3 and AM4 were custom creations commissioned by the Sultan of Brunei in 1995, designed by Pininfarina’s Scott A. Barras. Both models were built on the Aston Martin Vantage 600 chassis, with only three units of each produced.

The AM3 features a sleek, modern design with a composite nose cone and unique rear lights, offering a forward-thinking take on Aston Martin’s classic grille shape. The AM4, on the other hand, blends retro styling inspired by the DB5 and DB6 with modern elements, creating a muscular yet elegant silhouette.

Both cars reflect the Sultan’s desire for luxury and exclusivity, with each being a rare and distinctive addition to his extraordinary collection.

The Argento Vivo

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Honda Argento Vivo, unveiled at the 1995 Tokyo Motor Show, was a futuristic two-seater convertible with a sleek aluminum frame and a retractable hardtop. Captivated by its design, the Sultan of Brunei commissioned four unique versions based on the Mercedes-Benz SL73 AMG R129 platform, each with a powerful 7.3-liter V12 engine. Valued at over $1 million each, two of these bespoke vehicles were delivered to his collection, while the other two remained unfinished—one briefly appearing on eBay in 2009, and the other disappearing into mystery.

The Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Jaguar XJ220 Pininfarina, commissioned by the Sultan of Brunei in 1995, featured bespoke updates by Pininfarina and Coggiola. The custom design included fixed headlights, new rear lights, and a reworked rear wing, while the interior was upgraded to match its luxurious exterior in dark green. Retaining the original supercharged V6 engine and aluminum chassis, only two were made. One was destroyed in a fire, and the other’s location remains unknown.

The Cinquecento Pick-Up

Sultan Brunei Car Collection

The Fiat Cinquecento Pick-Up AH, a one-off creation by Pininfarina is a unique evolution of the original Cinquecento Pick-Up concept. Designed under the guidance of Paolo Garella, the car features a roll bar over the loading bed, Spiaggina-inspired doors, and an open-air design for a breezy, summer aesthetic. Finished in elegant “Agnelli” blue with a matching leather interior, it includes exclusive AH logos and Pininfarina badges. As a right-hand-drive model, it perfectly aligns with the Sultan’s preferences, blending compact functionality with luxurious design.

The Other Design Houses

The Rolls-Royce Majestic, created by Bertone for the Sultan of Brunei between 1995-1997, is an exclusive model with only six units built. Powered by a turbocharged V8, it features active seat belts and a luxurious interior designed to the Sultan’s specifications.

The BMW Nazca M12, a prototype designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro, was powered by a BMW V12 engine and was built as a lightweight supercar. While it never went into production, at least one was made for the Sultan, finished in a unique blue paint.

The Aston Martin Lagonda Vignale, a 1993 concept by Ghia Design, was powered by a Lincoln V8 engine, though it was intended to feature a V12. Only three units were built, with one going to the Sultan of Brunei, finished in a striking brown color and fitted with a V12 Jaguar engine.

The Legacy and Lessons of Brunei’s Automotive Obsession

The Sultan of Brunei’s car collection is a remarkable showcase of the artistry and craftsmanship that comes from working with renowned coachbuilders like Pininfarina. Each bespoke vehicle represents a unique blend of luxury, performance, and personalization, highlighting the Sultan’s deep passion for cars. From custom Ferrari 456s to one-off Aston Martins and Jaguars, these cars are not just machines but works of art. However, as the Sultan eventually stopped commissioning new cars, Pininfarina faced challenges due to their heavy reliance on this one client. With limited diversification, the company faced economic difficulties and was eventually forced to sell part of their private collection to stay afloat. It’s a reminder of how even the most successful collaborations can face challenges when they lack balance and diversification.

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